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Evolution of human colour vision
Over time, humans (Homo sapiens) have developed a trichromatic view of the world in comparison to a majority of other mammals that only see the world from a dichromatic view. Early human ancestors are believed to have viewed the world using UV vision as far back as 90 million years ago. It is thought that the shift to trichromatic vision capabilities and the ability to see blue light have evolved as an adaptive trait over time.〔 Bowmaker, J. K. (1998). Evolution of colour vision in vertebrates. Eye, 12(3b), 541–547. http://doi.org/10.1038/eye.1998.143〕
==Primitive Ancestral Vision==
It is believed that due to a number of environmental factors, ancestral humans lived with limited colour vision. This is believed to have also been influenced by life styles, including being predominantly nocturnal. 〔 There is little data indicating the advantages of UV vision in early human ancestors. 〔
Early human ultraviolet vision, or ultraviolet sensitivity, included sensitivity in the wavelength ranges between 400nm and 10nm. 〔 These wavelengths are shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays. In some rare cases, some modern day humans can see within the UV spectrum at wavelengths close to 310nm. 〔
In other animals that possess UV vision such as birds, ultraviolet sensitivity can be advantageous for courtship and reproductive success. This is because some birds have feathers with certain favourable colourations that can not be distinguished by human vision outside of the UV spectrum. 〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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